19 Didžioji Street

19 Didžioji Street. 2019
Photographer Tomas Kapočius
Lithuanian Art Museum

The house was built in the 16th century. In 1522, Francysk Skaryna set up a first printing house here (most likely in one of the inner sections of the building) and published The Little Travel Book, the first book in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Later, the Mamonich printing house was established in the house in 1574, at first run by the owners of the house, Luka and Kuzma Mamonich, and from 1601 by Kuzma’s son Leon. The printing house received a privilege from Stefan Batory to print religious and legal literature in Old Slavonic, Greek and Russian languages as well as distribute it in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without the customs duty. The Mamonich family printed books for the Orthodox Church and school as well as the legal publications of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: the Statute of Lithuania, regulations of the Lithuanian Tribunal, orders of the rulers. The Mamonich typography ceased its operation in 1628. Afterwards, the cellars of the house and the ground floor were occupied by different stores and the upper floors consisted of rental flats. Parts of the inner sections were destroyed during the WWII. The house was reconstructed in 1973 and some of the Rennaisance-style open galleries, that once spanned around the yard and had been covered later, were uncovered. A sculpture The Annalist by Vaclovas Krutinis was erected in the yard in 1973 to commemorate the printing houses that had operated in this building. Restaurant Amatininkų Užeiga opened on its ground floor and is still operating to this day.

 

FRANCYSK SKARYNA (around 1490–around 1541)
One of the first book printers and publishers in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1506, graduated from Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Later he travelled extensively in Europe. Earned a Medicine PhD degree at Padua University in 1512. Founded a printing house in Prague in 1517 through the support of wealthy Vilnius citizens. Lived in Vilnius in 1519 to 1521. Brought the printing press and paper supplies from Prague and opened the first printing house in Lithuania on Didžioji street (current 19 Didžioji st.) in 1522. Here he published a collection of psalms and didactic teachings called The Little Travel Book (Malaja podorožnaja knižica, 1522) and Apostol (1525), a collection of apostle letters from the New testament. The books published by Skaryna in Vilnius were as good as the best polygraphic examples of Western Europe. In 1525 the publishing business was disrupted for reasons unknown and the printing house itself perished in the 1930 fire.


19 Didžioji Street